1. Continental shelf.
2. Continental slope.
3. Abyssal plains.

Name and put on your drawing the following: seamount, guyot, deep, rift valley, canyon, and trench. Compare the depths in the oceans with the heights of the mountains.

1. Make a plankton net. Tow the net by a dock, wade with it, hold it in a current, or tow it from a rowboat. Do this for about 20 minutes. Save the sample. Examine it under a microscope or highpower glass. Identify the three most common types of plankton in the sample.
   • May be done in lakes or streams.
2. Make a series of models (clay or plaster or wood) of a volcanic island. Show the growth of an atoll from a fringing reef through a barrier reef. Describe the Darwinian theory of coral reef formation.
3. Measure the water temperature 1 foot below the surface of a body of water four times daily (8 a.m., noon, 4 and 8 p.m.) for 6 straight days. Measure the air temperature. Note the cloud cover and roughness of the water. Show your findings on a graph. Tell how the water temperature changes with air temperature.
   • May be done in lakes or streams.
4. Make a model showing the inshore sediment movement by littoral currents, tidal movement, and wave action. Include such things as high and low waterlines, low tide terrace, cusps, beach scarp, and berm. Show how the offshore bars are built up and torn down.
5. Make a wave generator. Show reflection and refraction of waves. Show how groins, jetties, and breakwaters affect these patterns.

1. Write a 500-word report on any good book about oceanography. (Before reading have your counselor approve it.)
2. Visit one of the following. Write a 500-word report about your visit.
   1. an oceanographic research ship or
   2. an oceanographic institute.
3. Explain to your troop in a 5-minute prepared speech "Why Oceanography is Important" or "Job in Oceanography." (Before making it, show your speech outline to your counselor.)

1. Point out and name five major terrain features on a map and in the field.
2. Point out and name 10 symbols often found on a topographic map.

1. Explain how a compass works. Describe the features of an orienteering compass and their uses.
2. In the field, show how to take a compass bearing and how to follow one.

1. Explain the meaning of declination. Tell why declination must be taken into consideration when using a map and compass together.
2. Provide a topographic map of your area with magnetic north-south lines.
3. Show how to transfer a direction on a map to your compass.

1. Show how to measure distances, using a scale on an orienteering compass.
2. Set up a 300m pace course. Figure out your running pace for 100 meters.

1. Explain a descriptive clue. Tell how it is used in orienteering.
2. Explain how to use an attack point. Describe the offset technique. Tell what is meant by collecting features.

1. Take part in three orienteering events. One of these must be a cross-country course.
2. After each course, write a report with
   1. a copy of the master map and descriptive clues,
   2. a copy of the route you took on the course,
   3. a discussion of how you could improve your time between points, and
   4. list of your major weaknesses on this course.
   5. Describe what you could do to improve.

1. Set up a cross-country course of at least 2,000 meters long with five control markers. Prepare master map. Mark the descriptive clues.
2. Set up a score-orienteering course with 12 points and a time limit of 60 minutes. Prepare the master map. Set the descriptive clues, and point value for each control on this course.